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Stringent Requirements and Coping Solutions for Thermocouple Calibration in the Aerospace Field
Source: | Author:Olivia | Published time: 2025-02-21 | 17 Views | Share:
The aerospace industry has extremely demanding requirements for temperature measurement accuracy. As a key temperature sensor, thermocouples face numerous challenges in calibration. In the testing of the thermal protection system of a spacecraft, the temperature change range extends from near -270°C (close to the cosmic background temperature) in extremely low temperatures to thousands of degrees Celsius in high-temperature regions. Such a wide measurement range requires the thermocouple calibration accuracy to be controlled within a very small range throughout the entire range, generally within ±0.5°C, which is a huge test for calibration equipment and technology.
To meet the requirements, special calibration schemes have emerged. Firstly, the hierarchical calibration method is adopted. According to different temperature intervals, corresponding high-precision standard sources are selected, such as a low-temperature source refrigerated by liquid helium and a high-temperature source heated by graphite, ensuring the accuracy of calibration in each temperature section. Secondly, a redundant design is used. Multiple thermocouples measure in parallel, and abnormal values are eliminated through a data fusion algorithm to improve measurement reliability. Furthermore, the calibration process is carried out in a vacuum or inert gas environment to simulate the real working conditions in space and prevent changes in the performance of thermocouples due to environmental factors, comprehensively ensuring accurate temperature measurement in aerospace and safeguarding space exploration.