Calibrating pressure sensors requires a range of professional equipment to ensure the accuracy and reliability of their measurement results. The following is a detailed equipment list and description:

### **Core Equipment**

1. **Pressure Generator**

 - **Function**: Generate controllable static or dynamic pressure.

 - **type**:

 - **Pneumatic pump/vacuum pump**: Suitable for low and medium pressure (such as 0-1000 psi).

 - **Hydraulic Pump**: Used for high pressure calibration (such as over 1000 psi).

 - **Electric Pressure Controller**: Provides high-precision, automated pressure control.

2. **Reference standard pressure gauge**

 - **Function**: Provides known high-precision pressure values as calibration reference.

 - **Requirements**: Accuracy is usually 3-10 times higher than that of the calibrated sensor (such as 0.05% FS).

 - **Common Types**:

 - Digital pressure calibrators (such as the PR9112).

 - Quartz crystal standard sensor (suitable for high-precision scenarios).

 - Precision mechanical pressure gauge (requires regular calibration).

3. **Electric signal measurement equipment**

 - **Function**: Read the output signal of the sensor (voltage, current, frequency or digital signal).

 - **equipment**:

 - **Digital multimeter**: Measure analog signals.

 - **Data acquisition system** : High-speed acquisition of multi-channel signals.

 - **Current/Voltage Calibrator** (for 4-20mA or 0-10V output).

 - **Oscilloscope** (analyzing dynamic response or frequency output).

4. **Environmental Control Equipment**

 - **Function**: Control environmental factors such as temperature and humidity to reduce interference.

 - **equipment**:

 - Constant thermostat (-40°C to 125°C).

 - Temperature and humidity recorder (monitoring environmental changes).

 - Isolation table (reduce vibration interference).

5. **Connect and adapt components**

 - **Function**: Ensures sealing and compatibility of pressure transmission.

 - **include**:

 - High pressure hose/hard pipe.

 - Quick connectors .

 - Multi-channel manifold (for differential pressure sensors).

 - Seal material (O-ring, sealant).

### **Auxiliary Equipment**

6. **Data Recording and Analysis Tools**

 - **Software**: LabVIEW, MATLAB or special calibration software.

 - **Function**: Automate data acquisition, generate calibration curves, calculate nonlinear/hysteresis errors.

7. **Power power and signal conditioning**

 - **Programmable DC power supply*: Power the sensor (5V/24V, etc.).

 - **Signal Conditioner**: Amplify weak signals or isolate noise.

8. **Safety and Inspection Tools**

 - **Leak Detector**: Ensure airtightness of the pipeline (such as foaming agent or electronic leak detector).

 - **Pressure relief valve/safety valve**: Prevent overpressure from damage to the equipment (especially high pressure scenarios).

 - **Shockproof bracket**: Protect precision instruments from vibrations.

### **Special Scene Equipment**

- **Differential pressure sensor calibration**: Dual pressure sources or differential pressure generators are required.

- **Dynamic calibration**: Pulse pressure generators (such as shock tubes) and high-speed data acquisition systems.

- **Vacuum Sensor**: High vacuum pumps and vacuum gauges (such as capacitive vacuum gauges).

### **Key steps of calibration process**

1. **Precalibration inspection**: Check the appearance, electrical connections and leakage of the sensor.

2. **Multi-point test**: Select 5-7 points (including zero and full scale) within the range.

3. **Cycle Test**: Boost → Buck cycle, evaluate hysteresis error.

4. **Temperature compensation** (if required): Repeat the test at different temperatures.

5. **Uncertainty analysis**: Calculate total uncertainty based on factors such as standardizer accuracy and environmental fluctuations.

### **Precautions**

- **Standard Traceability**: Reference standards must be calibrated regularly by the national metrology agency.

- **Ambient stability**: Temperature fluctuations should be less than ±1°C, humidity control ±5% RH.

- **Synchronous acquisition**: Pressure application and signal reading require time synchronization to avoid delay errors.

Through the above equipment and steps, the static calibration of the pressure sensor can be completed systematically. For industrial-grade applications, it is recommended to follow ISO 17025 standard or ASTM E74 specifications to ensure traceability and international recognition of calibration results.