I. Introduction

II. Error Sources

1. Systematic Error

• Standard Instrument Error: The error existing in the standard pressure gauge itself will be directly transmitted to the calibration result of the calibrated pressure gauge. For example, the accuracy level of the standard pressure gauge does not meet the requirements, or there is a problem such as indication drift during long-term use.

• Calibration Equipment Error: Problems with calibration equipment such as inaccurate pressure output by the pressure source and leakage of the piston gauge will also lead to systematic errors. In addition, mismatching and blockage of the connecting pipeline may also introduce systematic errors.

• Environmental Error: Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity have a certain impact on the measurement and calibration of the pressure gauge. If the environmental factors are not effectively controlled and corrected during the calibration process, environmental errors will be generated. For example, temperature changes will cause the elastic element of the pressure gauge to expand and contract thermally, thereby affecting the measurement accuracy.

2. Random Error

• Reading Error: When the operator reads the indicated value of the pressure gauge, inaccurate reading may be caused due to reasons such as visual error and estimation error. This kind of error is random, and the reading may be different each time.

• Pressure Fluctuation: The pressure output by the pressure source may have certain fluctuations, and even in a stable state, there will be slight changes, which will lead to random fluctuations in the measured value of the pressure gauge, thereby generating random errors.

III. Error Treatment Methods

1. Systematic Error Treatment

• Standard Instrument Calibration: Regularly calibrate and verify the standard pressure gauge to ensure that its accuracy meets the requirements. Before using the standard pressure gauge, check whether its certificate is within the validity period, and compare and correct its indicated value.

• Calibration Equipment Maintenance: Regularly maintain and check the calibration equipment such as the pressure source and the piston gauge, and timely detect and solve the problems existing in the equipment. For example, regularly replace the sealing parts of the pressure source, and check whether the piston and weight of the piston gauge are normal.

• Environmental Control and Correction: During the calibration process, try to keep the environmental temperature and humidity stable. If the environmental factors have a greater impact on the measurement results, the environmental error should be corrected according to the relevant standards. Methods such as using a temperature compensation device, performing multiple measurements at different temperatures and calculating the average value can be used to reduce the environmental error.

2. Random Error Treatment

• Multiple Measurements and Taking the Average Value: For random errors, by performing multiple measurements and taking the average value, its impact can be reduced to a certain extent. When calibrating the pressure gauge, multiple measurements should generally be carried out at each calibration point, and then the average value is calculated as the measurement result of that point.

• Improving the Operator's Skills: Strengthen the training of the operator to improve the accuracy of his reading and the standardization of his operation. The operator should be familiar with the reading method of the pressure gauge, adopt the correct estimation technique, and reduce the reading error. At the same time, be stable and focused during the operation to avoid errors caused by human factors.

IV. Conclusion