At present, the more mature and widely developed metrological science and technology fields are: geometric quantity (length), thermal engineering, mechanics, electromagnetic, radio, time frequency, acoustics, optics, chemistry and ionizing radiation, the so-called "ten metrology".
Geometric measurement represents the geometric characteristics of tangible objects and the spatial position of particles. It involves the specific measurement of wavelength, linear measuring tool, grating, inductor synchronizer, measuring block, polyhedron, Angle, etc. Ruler and steel tape are often used in daily life, and satellite positioning system widely used in military and transportation are the research results of length measurement.
The object of thermal measurement is the temperature, pressure, vacuum, flow, volume and level parameters commonly used in the thermal process of industrial production. For example, the verification and calibration of ordinary glass liquid thermometers and infrared thermometers are directly related to the doctor's judgment of whether the patient has fever, and provide technical support for the fight against SARS.
Mechanical measurement is the measurement of mass, force value, density, capacity, moment, mechanical power, pressure, vacuum, flow, displacement, speed, acceleration, hardness and other quantities.
For example, the accuracy of the fair scale, electronic pricing scale, water meter, gas meter, taxi meter, etc. in the market is guaranteed by mechanical measurement.
Electromagnetic metrology involves professional problems including DC and recurrent impedance and electricity, precision AC-DC measuring instruments, analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog conversion technology, magnetic flux, magnetic materials and magnetic recording materials, magnetic measuring instruments and quantum metrology.
There are many electromagnetic metering contents closely related to people's lives, such as the accurate Angle of household electricity meters.
Radio metering includes the measurement of electromagnetic energy parameters such as voltage, current, power, electric field strength, power flux density and noise power spectrum density; Measurement of characteristic parameters of electrical signals, such as frequency, wavelength, amplitude modulation coefficient, frequency offset, distortion coefficient and waveform characteristic parameters; Measurement of circuit element and material characteristics and parameters (such as impedance or admittance, resistance or conductance, inductance and capacitance, Q value, complex permittivity, loss Angle) and measurement of network characteristics of devices and systems (voltage standing wave ratio, reflection coefficient, attenuation, gain, phase shift). For example, the difficulty of multimeter for electrical maintenance, the measurement of mobile phone transmission power, etc.
Time frequency metering is used to measure frequency values and time intervals.
The main service areas are: communications, aerospace, national defense, electronics, home appliances, medical, scientific research, television, service and other fields. Such as time service, all kinds of (mobile phone, telephone, parking) service timing.
Acoustic metrology is the measurement of sound pressure, sound intensity, sound intensity, sound power and loudness, and hearing loss.
Such as noise measurement, traffic noise, environmental noise, building acoustics, electroacoustics measurement, for scientific research and production, national defense and the development of the national economy has played a positive role.
The objects of optical measurement include light source, light detector, optical medium, optical element and optical instrument. The light source includes natural light source, artificial light source, laser and so on. Optical metrology involves parameters such as radiation intensity, irradiance, radiation brightness, etc.
Such as the measurement of lights, car lights in daily life, color measurement, etc.
Stoichiometry mainly measures the chemical properties of substances such as heat, viscosity, density, conductivity and turbidity.
Stoichiometry is closely related to People's Daily life. For example: the purity of drinking water, the content of harmful substances in food and so on.
Ionizing radiation measurement refers to the measurement of the relevant parameters of o, 8, y, x and neutron radiation.
Ionizing radiation measurement involves medical, industrial, agricultural, military, environmental monitoring and other aspects. Such as medical X-ray machine, CT machine drilling - 60 treatment machine, X knife and other equipment, industrial X-ray inspection machine, nuclear belt scale, agricultural garlic irradiation processing, environmental monitoring of water quality testing and prohibited items for customs, stations, docks and other equipment.
